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G20: Indian Energy Ministers Fail To Reach Consensus On Emissions Reduction Roadmap

The meeting of G20 energy ministers in India ended on July 22. Developed and developed countries have huge differences on climate financing, and there is no substantive consensus on reducing the use of fossil energy. Coal is one of the main energy sources in many developing economies, such as India, the world's most populous country, and China, the world's second largest economy. The recent heat wave hitting the northern hemisphere has made more countries aware of the urgency of reducing emissions.

Coal is one of the main sources of energy in many developing economies.

No Consensus On Reducing Fossil Fuel Emissions

The G20 energy ministerial meeting held in Goa, India , ended last Saturday, but did not reach a substantial consensus on the emission reduction roadmap for major greenhouse gases such as fossil fuels. Even the document at the end of the G20 energy ministerial meeting did not mention coal, a major greenhouse gas for global warming. India and China, the two most populous countries in the world, still use coal as their main energy source .

India, the chair of the G20 Energy Ministers Meeting, explained that it failed to reach a consensus on emission reduction. Some countries have different views on carbon capture and storage technologies. Some members hope to reduce fossil fuels "according to different national conditions" and not use carbon capture or storage of carbon dioxide for statistics, and there are differences on how to use these energy emission reduction technologies such as oil and natural gas.

Previously, at the G7 summit held in Hiroshima, Japan in May 2023, developed industrial countries had reached a consensus on accelerating the exit and non-use of fossil fuels and reducing emissions in order to cope with global warming such as heat waves, droughts, floods and heavy rains.

Human Society Cannot Continue To Delay

Before the G20 Energy Ministerial Meeting held in India , the European Union led by France and Germany and 18 small island countries that are seriously affected by climate change expect the members of the G20 Group to realize the seriousness of the climate crisis. They call on all countries to urgently stop the use of fossil fuels, transition to a green economy, increase emission reduction efforts to reach the carbon peak by 2025, and reduce carbon emissions by 43% in 2030 compared with 2019. These countries believe that human society cannot continue to delay and needs to take active emission reduction actions .

Many developing countries, however, argue that rich countries, the biggest polluters, should provide more money for other countries' energy transitions.

India and Major Oil Producers

India, the chair of the G20 Energy Ministerial Meeting, estimated in a report that the cost of energy transition is 4 trillion US dollars equivalent to 3.592 trillion euros per year, and emphasized the importance of low-cost financing for technology transfer and developing countries, and developing countries need affordable alternatives to fossil fuels. India has set a target of net-zero emissions by 2070 , 20 years later than many other countries.

In addition, some large oil-producing countries are reluctant to exit fossil fuels quickly.

Ed King of the Global Strategic Communications Council's (GSCC) climate communications network pointed to the lack of progress in the talks due to oil-exporting powerhouses like Russia and Saudi Arabia, who he tweeted were "thwarting efforts to reach an agreement to cut fossil fuels and triple the amount of clean energy " .

Ahmed Al-Jaber (Ahmed Al-Jaber), CEO of the United Arab Emirates oil company Adnoc , will host the 28th Climate Summit ( COP28 ) to be held in Dubai in December this year. He believes that fossil fuels are controversial in terms of carbon capture or storage, but the implementation of these measures will play a role in promoting the reduction of fossil fuel use, and reducing carbon emissions is "inevitable" and "necessary", but these fossil fuels cannot be replaced immediately.

Analysts believe that the G20 energy ministerial meeting in India ended in vain, creating obstacles to achieving the goal of the United Nations Climate Conference, which plans to triple global renewable energy capacity by 2030 .

The northern hemisphere is currently experiencing extreme weather such as heat waves and floods, showing the dangerous consequences of global warming.

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